Term

load factor (airline metric)

Daniel MarkFounder & Editor, Aviatopia
Published Mar 1, 2026Updated Mar 1, 20261 min read

The percentage of available seats that are filled with paying passengers — a key measure of airline capacity utilization.

aviation-glossary

Quick Facts

Type
Commercial Metric
Definition
The percentage of available seats that are filled with paying passengers
Used By
Airlines, Analysts

Definition#

Load factor in the airline context is the ratio of revenue passenger miles (RPMs) to available seat miles (ASMs), expressed as a percentage. It measures how well an airline fills its seats.

Why It Matters Operationally#

Higher load factors mean better utilization of capacity but leave less room for booking flexibility. Most major airlines target load factors of 80–90%. Break-even load factor is the minimum needed to cover costs.

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