Term

mountain wave

Daniel MarkFounder & Editor, Aviatopia
Published Mar 1, 2026Updated Mar 1, 20261 min read

An atmospheric wave pattern formed when stable air flows over mountainous terrain — can produce severe turbulence, rotors, and extreme altitude deviations.

aviation-glossary

Quick Facts

Type
Weather Hazard
Definition
An atmospheric wave pattern formed when stable air flows over mountainous ter...
Used By
Pilots

Definition#

A mountain wave (or lee wave) is an atmospheric gravity wave that forms on the downwind (lee) side of a mountain when stable air is forced over terrain. Waves can propagate to high altitudes and produce severe turbulence.

Why It Matters Operationally#

Mountain waves can cause altitude deviations of thousands of feet, even in clear air. Rotor turbulence near the surface beneath wave crests is extremely hazardous. Lenticular clouds are a visual indicator.

See Also

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